Advice to eat more fat is irresponsible and potentially deadly, Public Health England's chief nutritionist has said.
Dr Alison Tedstone was responding to a report by the National Obesity Forum, which suggests eating fat could help cut obesity and type 2 diabetes.
The charity said promoting low-fat food had had "disastrous health consequences" and should be reversed.
Other experts have also criticised the report saying it cherry-picked and misquoted evidence.
Low-fat or high-fat - does it matter?
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Dr Aseem Malhotra, a senior adviser to the National Obesity Forum, said: "The change in dietary advice to promote low fat foods is perhaps the biggest mistake in modern medical history.
"We must urgently change the message to the public to reverse obesity and type 2 diabetes. Eat fat to get slim, don't fear fat, fat is your friend."
Risk
But the report has been criticised for not going though scientific peer review.
Dr Tedstone responded to the publication by saying: "In the face of all the evidence, calling for people to eat more fat, cut out carbs and ignore calories is irresponsible."
She said thousands of scientific studies were considered as part of the official guidance adopted throughout the UK, whereas the National Obesity Forum quoted just 43 studies, some of which were comment pieces.
She added: "It's a risk to the nation's health when potentially influential voices suggest people should eat a high fat diet, especially saturated fat. Too much saturated fat in the diet increases the risk of raised cholesterol, a route to heart disease and possible death."
The Royal Society for Public Health described the report a "muddled manifesto of sweeping statements, generalisations and speculation".
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The report argues:
- Eating fat does not make you fat
- Saturated fat does not cause heart disease and full-fat dairy is probably protective
- Processed foods labelled "low fat", "lite", "low cholesterol" or "proven to lower cholesterol" should be avoided
- Starchy and refined carbohydrates should be limited to prevent and reverse type 2 diabetes
- Optimum sugar consumption for health is zero
- Industrial vegetable oils should be avoided
- People should stop counting calories
- You cannot outrun a bad diet
- Snacking will make you fat
- Evidence-based nutrition should be incorporated into education curricula for all healthcare professionals
The report also said humans had evolved to be a "healthy well-nourished species with a long life expectancy", but this had gone wrong in the past 30 years.
It said there was too much focus on calories when "it is highly irrelevant how many calories a portion of food on a plate contains" and it was "untrue" that excessive calories caused obesity.
Naveed Sattar, a professor of metabolic medicine at the University of Glasgow, said the report was "good, bad and ugly".
He backed calls to cut snacking, but said eating more fat as a cure for obesity and type 2 diabetes was "not warranted" by the evidence and would have "adverse" consequences.
He said the authors had been selective in their choice of evidence and had ignored "an abundant literature which goes against their conclusions".
The government's obesity adviser Prof Susan Jebb said the "current dietary advice is based on the best evidence we have".
She said the debate should be widened from a focus on fat. "We're eating too many calories - if we want to tackle obesity people do need to eat fewer calories [and] that means less fat and less sugar."
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The Faculty of Public Health's Prof Simon Capewell said the focus on nutritional guidelines was "a huge distraction from the real causes of obesity" such as advertising cheap junk food to children.
And he said he was worried that the National Obesity Forum report "is not peer reviewed and does not indicate who wrote it or how it was funded".
The National Obesity Forum says it is an independent organisation that receives professional and financial support from the food industry, pharmaceutical companies and medical bodies.
Dr Nita Forouhi, says the review contains some important omissions and some references had been misrepresented such as the recommendations around vegetable oils.
The scientist, at the MRC epidemiology unit at the University of Cambridge, told the BBC: "This is a highly selective review, it is not a systematic appraisal of the evidence and in places opinions are expressed that are not backed up by a body of evidence."
She praised the call to lower refined carbohydrates, but said the overall message to cut carbs ignored the issue of quality as "we do need wholegrain carbs and fibre in out diet".
Prof Tom Sanders from King's College London said: "It is not helpful to slag off the sensible dietary advice.
"The harsh criticism of current dietary guidelines meted out in this report is not justified as few people adhere to these guidelines anyway.
"There is good evidence that those that do follow the guidelines have less weight gain and better health outcomes."
안녕하세요 몬스터짐의 롯데자이언츠입니다
오늘은 설탕 vs 포화지방 대체 뭐가 위험할까??라는 것에 대한 글을 쓰려고합니다.. 제가 저번에 당분과 지방 대체 무엇이 위험할까라는 글을 쓰고나서 http://www.monsterzym.com/science_nutrition/5286838 영국에서는 한 단체에 의한 보고서가 발표되었는데 이 보고서가 언론의 다각적으로 주목을 받고 난리가 나게되었습니다
그 내용을 보면 포화지방은 심장병에 위험하지않고 오히려 억제하면 병이 생긴다고 발표되었습니다. 그리하여 많은사람들이 논쟁을 벌이는데 설탕과 포화지방의 이론주창자들이 격한논쟁을 벌입니다.
포화지방파들은 포화지방과 콜레스테롤은 문제가 없고 문제는 설탕이라고 주장했는데 그 이유가 산업혁명이후로 기계가 인간의 생활에 밀접해지면서 역시 식생활도 도정이 쉬운 제품을 먹는데다가 산업혁명이후 설탕과 녹말류 단순당과 같은 음식이 원인으로 몰렸습니다. 그러자 설탕파들은 격렬한 반대를 하였고 포화지방파들을 협잡꾼, 정부와 제약회사의 사주를 받은 어용학자로 비판받습니다.. 이후 포화지방과 콜레스테롤의 관계, 포화지방과 콜레스테롤 그리고 심장병에 관한 증거와 관계로 인해 많은협회와 정부에서는 설탕파의 손을 들어줬습니다
그럼 과연 뭐가 위험하다는 걸까요?? 최근 미 식품권장위원회가 콜레스테롤이 많은음식은 혈중콜레스테롤 수치를 높이지않는다고 발표를 했고 콜레스테롤 제한양을 없애기에 이르렀습니다.. 위 미국에서 발표된 이론은 이미 1960년대 중반에서 70년대 초사이에 발표가 되었으나 인정되지 못했습니다.. 답은 BBC가 여러학회들의 주장한 바를 묶어서 옥석을 가려냈습니다. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-36345768
BBC가 옥석을 가려서 낸 답을 보면
1.포화지방은 뚱뚱하게 만들지않는다
2.포화지방은 심혈관질환과 관계가 없고 유제품의 지방은 오히려 심장병을 예방한다
3.저지방, 저콜레스테롤,라이트라고 적혀있는것은 피해라
4.녹말과 단순탄수화물은 2형당뇨병을 위해서 제한되어야한다
5.건강을 위한 설탕소비양은 0
6.공장화된 식물성유지는 피해라
7.칼로리 체크를 피해라
8.You cannot outrun a bad diet ←이 뜻이 해석이 안되네요
9.간식은 당신을 뚱뚱하게 만들수 있다
10.근거중심의 영양학 커리큘럼에 의료전문가를 통합해야한다
위 십계명을 잘지키면 건강하게 생활하실수 있을것입니다
